Influenza is an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract caused by influenza viruses and occurs mainly during the winter months. It is easily transmitted through respiratory droplets from breathing, coughing, or sneezing, as well as by contact with contaminated surfaces.
The clinical presentation is characterized by sudden onset of high fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, marked malaise, cough, sore throat, and nasal congestion or runny nose. In some cases, gastrointestinal symptoms may occur, especially in children.
In most cases, the disease is self-limited and resolves within 5–7 days with supportive care, adequate hydration, and rest. However, there are certain warning signs that require immediate medical evaluation: persistent or very high fever, shortness of breath or rapid breathing, cyanosis, chest pain, altered level of consciousness, dehydration, or worsening of symptoms after a period of initial improvement.
Prevention is mainly based on annual vaccination, adherence to hygiene measures, and avoidance of close contact with infected individuals. Special attention is required for high-risk groups such as the elderly, pregnant women, and patients with chronic diseases.